White Paper — March 2026
Operational Topology
Understanding How Risk Actually Propagates Through Modern Enterprises
James Hardy
Founder, Iroko Technologies
Former Global Head of Operational Resilience, State Street Corporation
This paper argues that operational risk frameworks retain a structural blind spot, and that closing it requires dependency analysis to be embedded within risk management itself — not treated as an adjacent resilience exercise.
- Why traditional frameworks miss structural exposure
- CrowdStrike, Knight Capital, and AWS — the pattern
- Intrinsic risk vs. inherited exposure
- Where regulation is already heading
16 pages · PDF